Fig. 1

Training performance of male and female rats in pre-training. (A)The schematic diagram and experimental protocol. (B) The schematic diagrams of the magazine training section. (C) The schematic diagrams of the lever press training section. (D) Total time spent exploring the food magazine. (E)The correct exploration time. (F) The rate of animals that reached the training criterion in the lever-press training test. (G) The completion time for each group. n = 20 ∼ 21 per group in Fig. 1D ∼ F, n = 8 ∼ 9 per group in Fig. 1G. ⁺p < 0.05, ⁺⁺⁺p < 0.001 significant difference in female groups and ^{^}p < 0.05, ^{^^}p < 0.01, and ^{^^^}p < 0.001 significant difference in male groups