Fig. 4

Forest plot for combined metrics of cerebrovascular functions. The forest plot shows measures of CVR and cerebral blood flow were reduced in the target group compared to their control. Conversely, blood pressure and arterial stiffness were increased in the target group compared to their control group. There is indication that the negative effects of CVR and cerebral blood flow predominantly influenced the overall negative effect size of the random effects model in the combined measures of CVR, blood pressure, cerebral blood flow, and arterial stiffness