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  2. Motor system excitability is based on a complex interaction of excitatory and inhibitory processes, which in turn are modulated by internal (e.g., volitional inhibition) and external (e.g., drugs) factors. A w...

    Authors: Oliver Kratz, Martin S Diruf, Petra Studer, Wolfgang Gierow, Johannes Buchmann, Gunther H Moll and Hartmut Heinrich
    Citation: Behavioral and Brain Functions 2009 5:12
    Content type: Research Published on:

  3. Animal models play a central role in all areas of biomedical research. The process of animal model building, development and evaluation has rarely been addressed systematically, despite the long history of using ...

    Authors: F Josef van der Staay, Saskia S Arndt and Rebecca E Nordquist
    Citation: Behavioral and Brain Functions 2009 5:11
    Content type: Methodology Published on:

  4. We present an integrative model of disease mechanisms in the Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS), unifying empirical findings from different research traditions. Based upon the Cognitive activation theory of stress...

    Authors: Vegard B Wyller, Hege R Eriksen and Kirsti Malterud
    Citation: Behavioral and Brain Functions 2009 5:10
    Content type: Review Published on:

  5. Here we report preliminary findings from a small-sample functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study of healthy adolescents who completed a working memory task in the context of a chronic sleep restricti...

    Authors: Dean W Beebe, Mark W DiFrancesco, Sarah J Tlustos, Kelly A McNally and Scott K Holland
    Citation: Behavioral and Brain Functions 2009 5:9
    Content type: Short paper Published on:

  6. There are three childhood disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and conduct disorder (CD). The most common comorbid disorde...

    Authors: Qiu-Jin Qian, Jin Liu, Yu-Feng Wang, Li Yang, Li-Li Guan and Stephen V Faraone
    Citation: Behavioral and Brain Functions 2009 5:8
    Content type: Research Published on:

  7. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), characterized by hyperactivity, impulsiveness and deficient sustained attention, is one of the most common and persistent behavioral disorders of childhood. ADH...

    Authors: Espen Borgå Johansen, Peter R Killeen, Vivienne A Russell, Gail Tripp, Jeff R Wickens, Rosemary Tannock, Jonathan Williams and Terje Sagvolden
    Citation: Behavioral and Brain Functions 2009 5:7
    Content type: Review Published on:

  8. Research has shown that patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) can be distinguished from controls on the basis of their non-verbal expression. For example, patients with SSD use facial expression...

    Authors: Martin Brüne, Mona Abdel-Hamid, Claudia Sonntag, Caroline Lehmkämper and Robyn Langdon
    Citation: Behavioral and Brain Functions 2009 5:6
    Content type: Research Published on:

  9. Recent research has shown that errors seem to influence the patterns of brain activity. Additionally current notions support the idea that similar brain mechanisms are activated during acting and observing. Th...

    Authors: Irene S Karanasiou, Charalabos Papageorgiou, Eleni I Tsianaka, George K Matsopoulos, Errikos M Ventouras and Nikolaos K Uzunoglu
    Citation: Behavioral and Brain Functions 2009 5:5
    Content type: Research Published on:

  10. The Neuroscience Peer Review Consortium (NPRC) was conceived in the summer of 2007 at a meeting of editors and publishers of neuroscience journals. One of the working groups addressed whether it was possible t...

    Authors: Clifford B Saper, John HR Maunsell and Terje Sagvolden
    Citation: Behavioral and Brain Functions 2009 5:4
    Content type: Editorial Published on:

  11. An epidemiologic predictive relationship exists between fetal ethanol exposure and the likelihood for adolescent use. Further, an inverse relationship exists between the age of first experience and the probabi...

    Authors: Amber M Eade, Paul R Sheehe, Juan C Molina, Norman E Spear, Lisa M Youngentob and Steven L Youngentob
    Citation: Behavioral and Brain Functions 2009 5:3
    Content type: Research Published on:

  14. Paw preference in rats is similar to human handedness, which may result from dominant hemisphere of rat brain. However, given that lateralization is the uniqueness of the humans, many researchers neglect the d...

    Authors: Huanmin Gao and Meizeng Zhang
    Citation: Behavioral and Brain Functions 2008 4:57
    Content type: Research Published on:

  15. According to DSM-IV there are three subtypes of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, namely: ADHD predominantly inattentive type (ADHD-PI), ADHD predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Type (ADHD-HI), and ADH...

    Authors: T Sagvolden, T DasBanerjee, Y Zhang-James, FA Middleton and SV Faraone
    Citation: Behavioral and Brain Functions 2008 4:56
    Content type: Research Published on:

  16. In most studies on human reward processing, reward intensity has been manipulated on an objective scale (e.g., varying monetary value). Everyday experience, however, teaches us that objectively equivalent rewa...

    Authors: Susan Koeneke, Andreas F Pedroni, Anja Dieckmann, Volker Bosch and Lutz Jäncke
    Citation: Behavioral and Brain Functions 2008 4:55
    Content type: Research Published on:

  17. The A1 allele of the ANKK1 Taq IA polymorphism (previously reported as located in the D2 dopamine receptor (DRD2) gene) is associated with reduced DRD2 density in the striatum and with clinical disorders, particu...

    Authors: Melanie J White, C Phillip Morris, Bruce R Lawford and Ross McD Young
    Citation: Behavioral and Brain Functions 2008 4:54
    Content type: Research Published on:

  18. Brain-computer interface methodology based on self-regulation of slow-cortical potentials (SCPs) of the EEG (electroencephalogram) was used to assess conditional associative learning in one severely paralyzed,...

    Authors: IH Iversen, N Ghanayim, A Kübler, N Neumann, N Birbaumer and J Kaiser
    Citation: Behavioral and Brain Functions 2008 4:53
    Content type: Methodology Published on:

  19. Alterations in ceruloplasmin are currently assumed as one of the mechanisms underlying the development of a number of neurodegenerative disorders. Several studies indicate that elevated serum ceruloplasmin lev...

    Authors: Osman Virit, Salih Selek, Mahmut Bulut, Haluk Asuman Savas, Hakim Celik, Ozcan Erel and Hasan Herken
    Citation: Behavioral and Brain Functions 2008 4:52
    Content type: Research Published on:

  21. The visual cortex of the human brain contains specialized modules for processing different visual features of an object. Confronted with multiple objects, the system needs to attribute the correct features to ...

    Authors: André W Keizer, Sander Nieuwenhuis, Lorenza S Colzato, Wouter Teeuwisse, Serge ARB Rombouts and Bernhard Hommel
    Citation: Behavioral and Brain Functions 2008 4:50
    Content type: Research Published on:

  23. Low serotonergic (5-HT) activity correlates with increased impulsive-aggressive behavior, while the opposite association may apply to cognitive impulsiveness. Both types of impulsivity are associated with atte...

    Authors: Robert D Oades, Jessica Lasky-Su, Hanna Christiansen, Stephen V Faraone, Edmund JS Sonuga-Barke, Tobias Banaschewski, Wai Chen, Richard JL Anney, Jan K Buitelaar, Richard P Ebstein, Barbara Franke, Michael Gill, Ana Miranda, Herbert Roeyers, Aribert Rothenberger, Joseph A Sergeant…
    Citation: Behavioral and Brain Functions 2008 4:48
    Content type: Research Published on:

  24. A core assumption of how humans understand and infer the intentions and beliefs of others is the existence of a functional self-other distinction. At least two neural systems have been proposed to manage such ...

    Authors: Jaime A Pineda
    Citation: Behavioral and Brain Functions 2008 4:47
    Content type: Review Published on:

  25. While association studies on schizophrenia show conflicting results regarding the importance of the regulator of the G-protein signaling 4 (RGS4) gene, recent work suggests that RGS4 may impact on the structural ...

    Authors: Nicholas C Stefanis, Thomas A Trikalinos, Dimitrios Avramopoulos, Nikos Smyrnis, Ioannis Evdokimidis, Evangelia E Ntzani, Alex Hatzimanolis, John PA Ioannidis and Costas N Stefanis
    Citation: Behavioral and Brain Functions 2008 4:46
    Content type: Research Published on:

  26. Anomalies of cortical neuronal migration (e.g., microgyria (MG) and/or ectopias) are associated with a variety of language and cognitive deficits in human populations. In rodents, postnatal focal freezing lesi...

    Authors: R Holly Fitch, Heather Breslawski, Glenn D Rosen and James J Chrobak
    Citation: Behavioral and Brain Functions 2008 4:45
    Content type: Research Published on:

  27. Genomic profiling of peripheral blood reveals altered immunity in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) however interpretation remains challenging without immune demographic context. The object of this work is to ide...

    Authors: Anne L Aspler, Carly Bolshin, Suzanne D Vernon and Gordon Broderick
    Citation: Behavioral and Brain Functions 2008 4:44
    Content type: Research Published on:

  29. In our previous studies, we reported positive associations between seven ADH4 polymorphisms and substance dependence [i.e., alcohol dependence (AD) and/or drug dependence (DD)] in European-Americans (EAs). In the...

    Authors: Xingguang Luo, Lingjun Zuo, Henry R Kranzler, Shuang Wang, Raymond F Anton and Joel Gelernter
    Citation: Behavioral and Brain Functions 2008 4:42
    Content type: Research Published on:

  30. Human emotional expressions serve an important communicatory role allowing the rapid transmission of valence information among individuals. We aimed at exploring the neural networks mediating the recognition o...

    Authors: Jason S Nomi, Dag Scherfeld, Skara Friederichs, Ralf Schäfer, Matthias Franz, Hans-Jörg Wittsack, Nina P Azari, John Missimer and Rüdiger J Seitz
    Citation: Behavioral and Brain Functions 2008 4:41
    Content type: Research Published on:

  31. Neuregulin-1 proteins are related to physiological correlates of Type A in terms of cardiac reactivity. Furthermore, neuregulin-1 gene (NRG1) may play a role in cardiovascular disease such as atherosclerosis a...

    Authors: Helena M Service, Mirka Hintsanen, Taina Hintsa, Terho Lehtimäki, Olli T Raitakari, Jorma S Viikari and Liisa Keltikangas-Järvinen
    Citation: Behavioral and Brain Functions 2008 4:40
    Content type: Research Published on:

  32. Adenylosuccinate synthase (ADSS) catalyzes the first committed step of AMP synthesis. It was suggested that the blood-derived RNA of ADSS was down-regulated in schizophrenia (SZ) and one of the eight putative ...

    Authors: Fuquan Zhang, Pak C Sham, Hua Fan, Yong Xu, Xuezhu Huang, Honcheong So, Yuqing Song and Pozi Liu
    Citation: Behavioral and Brain Functions 2008 4:39
    Content type: Research Published on:

  33. FMRI data observed under a given experimental condition may be decomposed into two parts: the average effect and the deviation of single replications from this average effect. The average effect is represented...

    Authors: Guilherme Wood, Hans-Christoph Nuerk, Denise Sturm and Klaus Willmes
    Citation: Behavioral and Brain Functions 2008 4:38
    Content type: Methodology Published on:

  34. Frizzled 3 (Fzd3) is a receptor required for the Wnt-signaling pathway, which has been implicated in the development of the central nervous system, including synaptogenesis and structural plasticity. We previo...

    Authors: Makiko Kishimoto, Hiroshi Ujike, Yuko Okahisa, Tatsuya Kotaka, Manabu Takaki, Masafumi Kodama, Toshiya Inada, Mitsuhiko Yamada, Naohisa Uchimura, Nakao Iwata, Ichiro Sora, Masaomi Iyo, Norio Ozaki and Shigetoshi Kuroda
    Citation: Behavioral and Brain Functions 2008 4:37
    Content type: Research Published on:

  36. Neonatal rats exposed to repetitive inflammatory pain have altered behaviors in young adulthood, partly ameliorated by Ketamine analgesia. We examined the relationships between protein expression, neuronal sur...

    Authors: Cynthia R Rovnaghi, Sarita Garg, Richard W Hall, Adnan T Bhutta and K JS Anand
    Citation: Behavioral and Brain Functions 2008 4:35
    Content type: Research Published on:

  37. Driving a car is a complex task requiring coordinated functioning of distributed brain regions. Controlled and safe driving depends on the integrity of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), a brain regio...

    Authors: Gian Beeli, Susan Koeneke, Katja Gasser and Lutz Jancke
    Citation: Behavioral and Brain Functions 2008 4:34
    Content type: Research Published on:

  41. Existing brain imaging studies, investigating sexual arousal via the presentation of erotic pictures or film excerpts, have mainly used blocked designs with long stimulus presentation times.

    Authors: Mira Bühler, Sabine Vollstädt-Klein, Jane Klemen and Michael N Smolka
    Citation: Behavioral and Brain Functions 2008 4:30
    Content type: Research Published on:

  42. Inhibitory deficits are often a matter of debate in the pathophysiology of Tourette syndrome (TS). Previous neuropsychological studies on behavioral inhibition revealed equivocal results.

    Authors: Veit Roessner, Björn Albrecht, Peter Dechent, Jürgen Baudewig and Aribert Rothenberger
    Citation: Behavioral and Brain Functions 2008 4:29
    Content type: Research Published on:

  44. It has been suggested that the variability among studies in the onset of lexical effects may be due to a series of methodological differences. In this study we investigated the role of orthographic familiarity...

    Authors: Alice M Proverbio and Roberta Adorni
    Citation: Behavioral and Brain Functions 2008 4:27
    Content type: Research Published on:

  46. Chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome is one of the most common genetic causes of cognitive impairment and developmental disability yet little is known about the neural bases of those challenges. Here we expand...

    Authors: Tony J Simon, Zhongle Wu, Brian Avants, Hui Zhang, James C Gee and Glenn T Stebbins
    Citation: Behavioral and Brain Functions 2008 4:25
    Content type: Research Published on:

  47. NS2359 is a potent reuptake blocker of noradrenalin, dopamine, and serotonin. The aim of the study was to investigate the efficacy, safety and cognitive function of NS2359 in adults with a DSM IV diagnosis of ...

    Authors: Timothy E Wilens, Thorsten Klint, Lenard Adler, Scott West, Keith Wesnes, Ole Graff and Birgit Mikkelsen
    Citation: Behavioral and Brain Functions 2008 4:24
    Content type: Research Published on:

  48. This study posed the question whether strain differences in stress-reactivity lead to differential behavioral responses in two different tests of anxiety. Strain differences in anxiety-measures are known, but ...

    Authors: Katarzyna Nosek, Kristen Dennis, Brian M Andrus, Nasim Ahmadiyeh, Amber E Baum, Leah C Solberg Woods and Eva E Redei
    Citation: Behavioral and Brain Functions 2008 4:23
    Content type: Research Published on:

  49. We study the voltage dependent calcium channels and nitric oxide involvement in angiotensin II-induced pressor effect. The antipressor action of L-Type calcium channel antagonist, nifedipine, has been studied ...

    Authors: Wilson A Saad, Ismael FMS Guarda, Luiz AA Camargo and Talmir AFB Santos
    Citation: Behavioral and Brain Functions 2008 4:22
    Content type: Research Published on:

  50. Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) is a mitochondrial enzyme involved in degrading several different biological amines, including serotonin. Although several pieces of evidence suggested that MAOA is important in the ...

    Authors: Yi-Mei J Lin, Fabian Davamani, Wei-Chih Yang, Te-Jen Lai and H Sunny Sun
    Citation: Behavioral and Brain Functions 2008 4:21
    Content type: Research Published on:
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Behavioral and Brain Functions

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